Microcystins (hepatotoxic heptapeptides) in german fresh water bodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Fastner ◽  
Uwe Neumann ◽  
Birgit Wirsing ◽  
Jürgen Weckesser ◽  
Claudia Wiedner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Bodies

Water Hyacinth

2015 ◽  
pp. 343-361
Author(s):  
Never Mujere
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Tropical Waters ◽  
Agricultural Household

This paper is a review of literature of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes); what it is, why it is of scientific importance, problems it causes, how it can be controlled, and how it can be a source of livelihoods. The review has shown that water hyacinth is native to the Amazon Basin and one of the world's most noxious aquatic weed. Lack of natural enemies together with nutrient enriched water bodies facilitate the spread of water hyacinth in temperate, tropical and sub-tropical waters. The weed causes a variety of socio-economic and environmental problems when its rapid mat-like proliferation covers areas of fresh water. With regards to its control, the mechanical method is the most cost-effective, followed by the biological, manual and chemical methods. Regardless of its problems, water hyacinth has been found to be useful for industrial, agricultural, household and environmental purposes.

scholarly journals The study of the suitability for use in agriculture of sludge and hydrochemical indicators of water in the reservoirs of the fish farm LLC “Albashi”

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Natalya Yurina ◽  
Denis Yurin ◽  
Irina Astakhova ◽  
Tatyana Shcherbatova ◽  
Igor Shcherbatov
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
Bottom Deposits ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Reservoir Type

The study of suitability for the use in agriculture of sludge deposits and hydrochemical indices of water bodies of fish-growing enterprise of LLC “Albashi” were carried out. It is an enterprise engaged in breeding and growing pond fish and sturgeon in pools and gardens, crayfish, growing aquapon greens. Fresh water bodies of reservoir type LLC “Albashi” contain a large number of bottom deposits. The layer of sludge deposits on the bottom in places reaches the power of 2-5 meters, and the underground power is difficult. Bottom sediments were taken from a depth of 1.0-1.2 m from the surface. The hydrochemical regime of the studied water bodies fully corresponds to the cultivation of aquaculture objects and hydroponic plants. Sufficient suspended matter in water (8.2 mg/dm3). The complete absence of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, its metabolites and pesticides characterizes the products produced as environmentally safe. Consequently, bottom sediment site under study can be considered suitable for agricultural production.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Polish freshwater bodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Kobos ◽  
Agata Błaszczyk ◽  
Natalia Hohlfeld ◽  
Anna Toruńska-Sitarz ◽  
Anna Krakowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Distribution Frequency

AbstractIn this work, the authors examined the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in 21 samples collected from fresh water bodies located in 5 provinces in Poland: Lublin (2), Podlasie (1), Pomerania (6), Warmia-Masuria (1) and Wielkopolska (11). In addition, to determine the general pattern of geographical distribution, frequency of cyanobacteria occurrence, and cyanotoxins production, the published data from 238 fresh water bodies in Poland were reviewed. On the basis of these collected results, we concluded that Planktothrix, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis and Dolichospermum were dominant. The general pattern in geographical distribution of the identified cyanobacterial genera was typical of other eutrophic waters in Europe. The production of cyanotoxins was revealed in 18 (86%) of the 21 samples analyzed in the present work and in 74 (75%) of the 98 total water bodies for which the presence of toxins had been examined. Among the 24 detected microcystin variants, [Asp3]MC-RR was most common. These results can be verified when more data from the less explored water bodies in the southern and eastern parts of Poland are available.

Coupled CFD-DEM modelling to assess settlement velocity and drag coefficient of microplastics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Jérémy ◽  
Latessa Pablo Gaston ◽  
Manousos Valyrakis
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Drag Coefficients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

<p>Several studies have documented high concentration of microplastics on fresh water sources, oceans and even on treated tap and bottled water. Understanding the physics behind these particles in the water environment has become one of the key research needs identified in the World Health Organization Report (2019). In order to develop novel and efficient methodologies for sampling, treating and removing microplastics from water bodies, a thorough understanding of the sources and transportation and storage mechanisms of these particles is required.</p><p>In this article, the settlement velocity affecting the transport [1, 2] of low-density particles (1<r<1.4 g.cm<sup>-3</sup>) and drag coefficients is assessed through numerical modelling. The effects of fluid and particle relative densities and media temperatures are analysed, as well as the impact of the particle size and shapes [3].</p><p>Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques are applied to solve the fluid dynamics while the Discrete Element Method (DEM) approach is used to model the particle trajectories [4]. These two modules are coupled under the CFDEM module, which transmits the forces from the fluid into the particle and from the particle into the surrounding water through the Fictitious Boundary Method approach.</p><p>Several tests are run under the same particle conditions in order to estimate the influence of turbulent flows on these experiments. The influence from different particle densities and diameters on settling velocities and drag coefficients is assessed. The numerical results are validated against a wide range of experimental data [2, 3] and compared against empirical predictions.</p><p>There is an urge for gaining a better understanding of the sources and transport of microplastics through fresh water bodies. In this sense, sampling and quantification of microplastics in a drinking water source is key to evaluate the environment status and to design the most appropriate techniques to reduce or remove the microplastics from the aquatic environments. The implementation of coupled CFD-DEM models provides a very powerful tool for the understanding and prediction of the transport processes and the accumulation of microplastics along the fluvial vectors.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>[1] Valyrakis M., Diplas P. and Dancey C.L. 2013. Entrainment of coarse particles in turbulent flows: An energy approach. J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., Vol. 118, No. 1., pp 42- 53, doi:340210.1029/2012JF002354.</p><p>[2] Valyrakis, M., Farhadi, H. 2017. Investigating coarse sediment particles transport using PTV and “smart-pebbles” instrumented with inertial sensors, EGU General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017, id. 9980.</p><p>[3] Valyrakis, M., J. Kh. Al-Hinai, D. Liu (2018), Transport of floating plastics along a channel with a vegetated riverbank, 12th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, Tokyo, Japan, August 19-24, 2018, a11_2705647.</p><p>[4] Valyrakis M., P. Diplas, C.L. Dancey, and A.O. Celik. 2008. Investigation of evolution of gravel river bed microforms using a simplified Discrete Particle Model, International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2008, Ismir, Turkey, 03-05 September 2008, 10p.</p>

scholarly journals Eco Friendly Dye Extraction From Cyanophyta for Textiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
E. Ramkumar ◽  
V.S. Bala Murali ◽  
T. Guna ◽  
S.M. Dharshan ◽  
S. Ajay Vishnu
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Dye Extraction ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Sun Light

In countries like India there is always a scarcity for fresh water along with it polluting the available fresh water sources is a major threat. The major fresh water bodies are affected by eutrophication. It is the phenomenon in which algae forms a layer above the water surface and does not allow the sun light to enter into the water body. Due to this reason organisms which is present in the water body gets affected and the ecosystem gets damaged. The algae which are taken from the water bodies is dropped as waste in garbage or let to dry out on roads. “One man’s waste is other man’s treasure” so instead of wasting the collected algae, the algae can be used to prepare a dye which can be used to dye clothes for different uses. The collected algae are used as a raw material in an algal dying machine where the processes carried out are cleaning, drying the algae, grind it, boil them with water and other essentials, filter the residue and finally filtrate will be used to print on cloth.

scholarly journals Sex ratio in Puntius vittatus Day in the fresh water bodies of Ernakulam district, Kerala

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1990
Author(s):  
K.S. Jameela Beevi ◽  
A. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Bodies

Monitoring of the droughts consequence by high resolution satellite images

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
D. K. Mozgovoy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Freshwater Bodies

The State of California is one of the least abundant with fresh water in the United States, while having high water consumption – the drought in the state has reached catastrophic proportions. January 2015 was the driest month in California for the whole period of observations since 1895. Two thirds of the state's population depend on the centralized water supply – about 25 million people and more than 400 thousand hectares of agricultural land. The level of ground waters and the snow cover have become record low – this can be explained by pumping groundwater out for irrigation of agricultural land. The water level in the reservoirs of California is close to the critical notch. State authorities are forced to tighten measures to save water, the supply of which is sometimes insufficient to satisfy the priority needs of citizens. The solution of the problem of rational use and protection of water resources can only be based on an integrated systemic approach to the study of spatial and temporal patterns of natural and anthropogenic factors on the quality and quantity of surface water with the use of satellite and ground data. In the study of the water regime of land one of the most important input parameters of hydrological models is the surface area of the reservoirs. Regular receiving of information about this parameter with the use of ground data is challenging and labor intensive. Using satellite data can greatly simplify this task and accomplish it with shorter latent periods, more frequently and at lower costs. The results of satellite monitoring of certain areas of California shown to assess the impact of the drought in 2011–2015 on the large freshwater bodies, based on high resolution satellite images. To quantify the effects of drought in 2011–2015 on selected large freshwater bodies (Lake Folsom and Lake Oroville) processing of multispectral images was performed. Changes of Lake Oroville in 2011–2015 according to high resolution satellite images was detected. The shift of the coastline near Foreman Creek amounted to 2.5 km. The shift of the coastline near Lampkin Road amounted to over 1.2 km. Changes of Lake Folsom in 2011–2015 according to the high resolution satellite images was detected. The shift of the coastline near the Beal's Point made 1.2 km. The shift of the coastline near Peninsula Campground made over 3.4 km. Large-scale consequences of drought shown for lakes Oroville and Folsom are also typical for other fresh water bodies of California, the majority of which have the status of water reservoirs, and also for water bodies of other US states. For instance, Lake Mead covering 90 % of water requirements of Las Vegas has the water level by 145 feet below normal. It is expected that this level will go down by another 20 feet by June, 2015. This is not only about water, but also about electricity supply – dams of hydropower plants are almost dry. Therefore, in the recent years an acute necessity has appeared for creation of a web-service for regular space monitoring of fresh water bodies – now this has become possible owing to availability of satellite images and modern technologies of their processing. The users of such a service may be: – state regulating structures (water supplying enterprises, forest, environment, agricultural services and so on); – state and private companies of water transport (unbiased evaluation of the consequences of the drought for fresh water navigation); – tourist companies (monitoring of recreational territories); – municipal services, private companies, farmers (carrying out measures for minimizing water consumption); – TV and radio companies and other mass media (propaganda of rational water use); – population living near territories affected by the drought (obtaining of unbiased and reliable information as for the scale and severity of the consequences of the drought). 

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